Forgetting Torture: Lee Hamilton, John Brennan, and Abu Zubaydah

The pervasive news surrounding the confirmation hearing of John Brennan, Obama’s nominee for CIA director, is paralleled by another, related story that has been largely ignored by the U.S. media.  That is the story of the man called Abu Zubaydah, whose alleged torture testimony, obtained by the CIA while Brennan was the head of the agency’s Terrorist Threat Center, built the foundation for the official account of 9/11.  This week I spoke to Lee Hamilton, former vice-chairman of the 9/11 Commission, about the serious problems that the government’s new stance on Zubaydah creates for the 9/11 Commission Report.

As stated in my last article on the subject, Zubaydah is at the center of an unraveling of the official account of the 9/11 attacks.[1]  His extensive torture at the hands of the CIA during Brennan’s tenure, which included at least 83 water-boarding sessions, hanging the man naked from the ceiling, slamming him against a concrete wall, and other atrocious experimental techniques, was said to produce valuable evidence about al Qaeda.  However, the government now claims that Zubaydah was never a member or associate of al Qaeda and therefore he could not have known any of the information that the 9/11 Commission attributed to him.

From the start of our conversation, Hamilton told me that he was having trouble remembering Zubaydah.  That was odd considering that an article he and Thomas Kean wrote for the New York Times in 2008, describing how the CIA obstructed the 9/11 investigation, referred several times to Zubaydah specifically.[2]  The article claimed that “Beginning in June 2003, we requested all reports of intelligence information on these broad topics that had been gleaned from the interrogations of 118 named individuals, including both Abu Zubaydah and Abd al Rahim al-Nashiri, two senior Qaeda operatives.”  Kean and Hamilton further wrote that, “in October 2003, we sent another wave of questions to the C.I.A.’s general counsel. One set posed dozens of specific questions about the reports, including those about Abu Zubaydah.”

These requests from the 9/11 Commission should have resulted in the release of some revealing records.  That is, while John Brennan was leading the CIA’s Terrorist Threat Center, the agency videotaped the torture of Zubaydah and others, and proceeded to intentionally withhold that information from the 9/11 Commission.  Brennan and CIA director George Tenet were almost certainly involved in the decisions regarding that obstruction.  The two men had worked closely together for years.  As CIA station chief in Saudi Arabia, Brennan often communicated directly with Tenet, avoiding the usual chain of command.  At the time, as an apparent favor to the Saudis, CIA analysts were discouraged from questioning Saudi relationship to Arab extremists.[3]  It seems that Brennan and Tenet had a tendency to protect some terrorist suspects and cover-up the agency’s treatment of others.

It was revealed that when Brennan was the director of the National Counterterrorism Center, in 2005, the CIA had destroyed the torture tapes, most of which featured Zubaydah.[4]  Describing the CIA’s obstruction, Hamilton wrote — “The agency did not disclose that any interrogations had ever been recorded or that it had held any further relevant information, in any form. Not satisfied with this response, we decided that we needed to question the detainees directly, including Abu Zubaydah and a few other key captives.”[5]

Therefore Hamilton remembered very clearly, in 2008, that he had asked the CIA at least twice, in a potentially contentious manner, for information specifically about Zubaydah.  Having not received that information, Hamilton asked the CIA for the opportunity to question Zubaydah directly.  The CIA not only denied these requests, it denied the Commission access to the interrogators who compelled the alleged testimony.  Despite such memorable denials, however, Hamilton cannot seem to recall anything about Zubaydah at all other than his feeling that Zubaydah did not play a significant part in the 9/11 Commission Report.  He told me “I’m a little fuzzy on this but the information that we had from him was not critical to our report.”[6]

LEE-HAMILTON-largeReasons for Hamilton’s new, unconvincing amnesia on the subject might include that the U.S. government recently backed off its claims about this “detainee,” who has been imprisoned by the U.S. for eleven years without charges.  The retractions about Zubaydah create a tension with the 9/11 Commission Report that reveals an obvious need to revise the report.

For example, in response to the habeas corpus petition filed by Zubaydah’s defense team, the government stated that it does not contend that Zubaydah had “any direct role in or advance knowledge of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001.”[7]  The same response states that the government no longer claims that Zubaydah was ever “a member of al-Qaida or otherwise formally identified with al-Qaida.”  But footnote 35 to Chapter 5 of the 9/11 Commission Report states the exact opposite.  According to this footnote, “Abu Zubaydah, who worked closely with the al Qaeda leadership, has stated that KSM originally presented Bin Ladin with a scaled-down version of the 9/11 plan, and that Bin Ladin urged KSM to expand the operation with the comment, ‘Why do you use an axe when you can use a bulldozer?’”[8]  That’s pretty extensive and intimate knowledge for someone who was never associated with al Qaeda.

In our talk, I reminded Hamilton that Zubaydah was mentioned over 50 times in the 9/11 Commission Report, and that his alleged torture testimony, along with that of KSM and Ramsi bin Alshibh (both of whom Zubaydah identified as being involved in the attacks), produced the foundation of the official account of 9/11.  Creating the background for the official myth about al Qaeda, Hamilton’s report called Zubaydah an “Al Qaeda associate,” a “long-time ally of Bin Ladin,” a “Bin Ladin lieutenant,” and an “al Qaeda lieutenant.”[9]  Despite these important references, Hamilton told me that he just couldn’t remember Zubaydah, saying “my recollection is really quite vague with regard to him.”

To refresh his memory further, I reminded Hamilton that nine separate dates of Zubaydah’s interrogation were referenced in his report.  After these reminders, Hamilton said that he still had to “stretch his imagination to remember” him.  It seems that if Hamilton had read my article on Zubaydah, which I had sent to him over a week before he agreed to meet and eleven days before we talked, his memory would have returned easily.  Instead, Hamilton’s inability to stretch his imagination on the subject was reminiscent of the “failure of imagination” excuse used by the 9/11 Commission when it proposed an overall explanation for the events of 9/11.

Because the government no longer contends that Zubaydah was in any way associated with al Qaeda and now says that he had no knowledge of the 9/11 attacks, I asked Hamilton if he had an opinion on how Zubaydah could have known so much about al Qaeda as stated in his report.  Bluntly stating “No,” Hamilton suggested that he was not concerned with these contradictions.

Our discussion went into the recent conviction of John Kiriakou, the CIA’s Chief of Counterterrorist Operations in Pakistan after 9/11, who was originally said to be responsible for the capture and initial interrogations of Zubaydah.  Interestingly, Kiriakou’s story has evolved much like that of the official account concerning Zubaydah.  According to people who would know, with regard to Zubaydah “Kiriakou now rather off handedly admits that he basically made it all up.”[10]

Kiriakou has since been heralded as a whistleblower.  And he recently said that, for embracing torture, John Brennan is a terrible choice to lead the CIA.  Kiriakou claimed that he has known Brennan since 1990 and has worked for him twice.  While in the CIA, Kiriakou noted, Brennan “would have had to have been intimately involved in—not necessarily in carrying out the torture techniques, but in the policy, the torture policy.”[11]  It is true that this would seem to make Brennan an especially poor choice but today it is clear that those who engaged in torture, and those who used alleged torture testimony to create false reports, will not be held accountable.

This week I also spoke to Brent Mickum, Zubaydah’s attorney.  Unlike Hamilton, Mickum was very straightforward and convincing.  The information he possesses suggests that Zubaydah was a victim of false claims from the beginning.  Mickum believes there may be alternative reasons why his client, who does not support the murder of innocents or suicide attacks and who repeatedly refused to join al Qaeda, was chosen to become the first, experimental, torture victim.  Mickum expects Zubaydah to be charged sometime this year but cannot say what the charges will be.  The evidence no longer supports claims that Zubaydah conspired with al Qaeda in any way.  Additionally, he cannot be charged as an enemy combatant through the 2006 Military Commissions Act considering that he was captured and tortured years before that law was enacted.

With this in mind, I asked Lee Hamilton if Abu Zubaydah should be allowed to tell his own story now that his illegal detention and torture have proven to be based on falsehoods.  Hamilton said that he would not take a stand on the subject one way or another.  This refusal is yet another reason to suspect that Lee Hamilton will never come clean on the 9/11 Commission’s use of unreliable torture testimony.

Although Hamilton has repeatedly stated publicly that he believes torture is immoral and that the U.S. must take a strong stance against it, his actions and his work speak otherwise.  The glaring problem he faces now is that it is the 9/11 Commission Report that stands as the definitive argument supporting the use of torture.  After all, if not for the alleged torture testimony of Abu Zubaydah and the people he reportedly identified (KSM and Ramsi bin Alshibh in particular) Hamilton’s report would have little evidentiary basis.  Consequently, as the U.S. government strains to come up with charges to apply to Zubaydah after disclaiming his connections to al Qaeda, the Commission’s report remains at risk of being further challenged by whatever charges are ultimately filed.


[1] Kevin R. Ryan, Abu Zubaydah Poses a Real Threat to Al Qaeda, Dig Within, October 15, 2012, https://digwithin.net/2012/10/15/zubaydah/

[2] Thomas H. Kean and Lee H. Hamilton, Stonewalled by the C.I.A., The New York Times, January 2, 2008, http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/02/opinion/02kean.html?_r=0

[3] James Risen, State of War: The Secret History of the CIA and the Bush Administration, Free Press, 2006

[4] Mark Mazetti, .U.S. Says C.I.A. Destroyed 92 Tapes of Interrogations, The New York Times, March 2, 2009, http://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/03/washington/03web-intel.html?_r=0

[5] Thomas H. Kean and Lee H. Hamilton, Stonewalled by the C.I.A

[6] Notes from my talk with Lee Hamilton, February 7, 2013

[7] Zayn al Abidin Muhammad Husayn v. Robert Gates, Respondents Memorandum of Points and Authorities in Opposition to Petitioner’s Motion for Discover and Petitioner’s Motion for Sanctions. Civil Action No. 08-cv-1360 (RWR), September 2009

[8] See the footnote 35 to Chapter 5 of the 9/11 Commission Report, which sources the information from “Intelligence report, interrogation of Abu Zubaydah, May 16, 2003,” http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/911/report/911Report_Notes.htm

[9] National Commission on Terrorist  Attacks Upon the United States, The 9/11 Commission Report, www.9-11commission.gov/report/911Report.pdf

[10] Jeff Stein, Foreign Policy, CIA Man Retracts Claim on Waterboarding, January 6, 2010

[11] Democracy Now, Whistleblower John Kiriakou: For Embracing Torture, John Brennan a “Terrible Choice to Lead the CIA”, January 30, 2013, http://www.democracynow.org/2013/1/30/whistleblower_john_kiriakou_for_embracing_torture

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15 Responses to Forgetting Torture: Lee Hamilton, John Brennan, and Abu Zubaydah

  1. Ian Henshall says:

    Another great piece of investigative journalism

  2. I heartily congratulate you on pursuing this and especially for getting an interview with Hamilton, but there are several errors here. The most egregious is one of your last sentences, “if not for the alleged torture testimony of Abu Zubaydah and the people he reportedly identified (KSM and Ramsi bin Alshibh in particular) Hamilton’s report would have little evidentiary basis.” That’s ludicrous. The report has over a thousand footnotes, how many are to torture interviews?

    The other main point I’d make is more a flawed preconception than a factual error. Hamilton and Keane were figureheads for the commission. Even if Hamilton wasn’t so old, he probably never knew the finer points like who was Abu Zubaydah. Most of what we know about AZ has come out since the report was written. Since the CIA stonewalled the commission, there was very little info known even by them at the time.

    • Kevin Ryan says:

      Thanks for the comment. The “several errors” you see come down to one statement suggesting that the number of footnotes in the 9/11 CR is over a thousand. Without regard to context, you assume that this means that the interrogation references are small compared to that. Actually, however, as I stated in my first article on Zubaydah, the interrogations are referenced over 440 times in the report. Your second perceived error, which you claim is a “flawed preconception,” is based on your own preconception that Lee Hamilton has dementia or was kept out of the loop during the investigation. Having investigated the events of 9/11 for ten years, and met with Lee Hamilton twice during that time, I can assure you that neither of your preconceptions are valid.

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  4. Excellent article Mr. Ryan; however, I would re-title it to : Interrogations or brain washing?

    Love “Light” and Energy

    (((3)))

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  7. fremo says:

    How dare the chief author of the official report deny real memory of Zubaydah. This Is characteristic of the narrative management at all levels of independent inquiry since this atrocity. “I don’t recall” is allowed to function as official response.

  8. fremo says:

    well. Anyway. Into this yawning chasm of indifference, the shakedown surrounding ‘reality’ and Zubaydah, Osama, and KSM continues. a trinity in the LIARS paradigm. One cannot ever think Mr Hamilton was not warned.
    Of Osama’s memory, cast into the dark knight sea unseen; eye witness reports the only one helicopter landing in Abottobad compound that night exploded killing all on board never to be heard uttered in the land of the free http://vimeo.com/54671994 instead the greased Hollywood presentation of heroic storm troopers advancing green lit, red dot for homeland…flight 93 revisited but no mention of suicides and other helicopter crashes further down the time-line. No mention of kidney failure and video forgery keeping boogie man alive until heads needed on sacrificial platter, the classic roman barstard satisfied.
    No trial for Osama, in the time of Obama. Nor KSM. Spectred hairy haunted torture victim in the pits of superstate military shit box – to be tried in the quiet of tribunal haldol, but who is this man? Was he tortured to remember or to forget? How does his tired face square with the KSM reported killed 9.11.2002 at the dawn of terror in an ISI/FBI swat. http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/DJ30Df01.html . A man unrecognized by his old professor from Greensboro where he studied mechanical engineering in the 1980’s. No open trial with cross examination of identity for KSM in the land of Lincoln.

    Like the ‘erratum’ creatioNIST agnotologists have to continually engineer to cover the stretched inch in the fabric of lies unfolding, Zubaydah Osama and KSM will NEVER be tried in open courts as will any of the hundreds of other 911 cases bought off by Hellerstein in the court camps of NY.
    col. Prouty is said to have written to Jim Garrison [That] Without trial there can be nothing. Without a trial it does no good for researchers to dig up data. It has no place to go and what the researchers reveal just helps make the cover-up tighter, or they eliminate that evidence and the researcher.

  9. fremo says:

    well. Anyway. Into this yawning chasm of indifference, Zubaydah, Osama, and KSM flow.
    a trinity in the LIARS paradigm. One cannot ever suggest Mr Hamilton was not warned.

    Osama, cast into the dark knight sea unseen; Any eye witness reports of the only one helicopter landing in Abottobad compound that night exploding, killing all on board, never to be heard above, in the land of the free http://vimeo.com/54671994 Instead the greased Hollywood presentation of heroic storm troopers advancing green lit, red dot for homeland kill…flight 93 revisited but no mention of suicides and other helicopter crashes further down the time-line. No mention of kidney failure and video forgery keeping boogie man alive until heads needed on sacrificial platter, the classic roman barstard satisfied. No trial for Osama, in the time of Obama.
    Nor KSM. Spectral, hairy. Haunted and tortured in the pits of superstate military shit box – to be tried in the quiet of tribunal haldol, but who is this man? Was he tortured to remember or to forget? How does his tired face square with the KSM reported killed 9.11.2002 at the dawn of terror in an ISI/FBI swat. http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/DJ30Df01.html . A man unrecognized by his old professor from Greensboro where he studied mechanical engineering in the 1980’s. No open trial with cross examination of identity for KSM in the land of Lincoln.

    Like the ‘erratum’ creatioNIST agnotologists have to continually engineer to cover the stretched inch in the fabric of lies unfolding, Zubaydah, Osama and KSM will NEVER be tried in open courts as will any of the hundreds of other 911 cases bought off by Hellerstein in the court camps of NY.
    col. Prouty is said to have written to Jim Garrison [That] Without trial there can be nothing. Without a trial it does no good for researchers to dig up data. It has no place to go and what the researchers reveal just helps make the cover-up tighter, or they eliminate that evidence and the researcher.

  10. edwinhoff says:

    Have you heard about Abu Zubayda’s brother.
    He is an interesting and suspicious character.

    http://truth-out.org/news/item/9344-from-hopeful-immigrant-fbi-informant-the-other-abu-zubaidah

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  13. Olivier says:

    The remark that Kiriakou “made it all up” deserves some context.

    The context pertains to TWO myths about Zubaydah:
    1. That Zubaydah held a high position within Al-Qaeda. (The subject of this article)
    2. That Zubaydah “cracked” after a single application of waterboarding.

    The “off-handed remark” that he “made it all up” mentioned above comes from reference [10], which in turn refers to Kiriakou’s book “The Reluctant Spy”, and the content of the remark is that Kiriakou had said in the 2007 ABC interview that his statement that Zubaydah cracked after a single application of Waterboarding was not based on himself being a witness, but himself hearing and reading about it in CIA reports.

    Reference [10] looks like a hit-piece to me by the way, the underlying psy-op being to discredit Kiriakou in general, and I would guess, to discredit anything he says about US torture practices in the eyes of a Democratic audience.

    Kiriakou was given the opportunity to respond to the “made it all up” remark on the Peter B. Collins show of 2017-05-19, at 39m22s:

    https://www.peterbcollins.com/2017/05/19/pbc-news-comment-lefties-embrace-fake-news-about-trump/

    Kiriakou’s answer is the following:

    “That’s prepostrous, I never said any such thing. … while this program was loathsome, the CIA was telling us that it worked. Well that turned out to be untrue, not because I ‘made it up’, but because the reporting coming in from the field, was being written by James Mitchell and Bruce Jessen, the two contracters …, and they were lying, from the field, because that was the only way to justify the $81 million dollars that the CIA had payed them for their services. So they were attributing information that Abu Z had given, to the torture, …., when in fact Abu Z had given that information weeks or months earlier to FBI agent Ali Sufan. … the information that I had received from the CIA was faulty, and we didn’t even know that until the CIA’s Inspector General’s report was released in April 2009 … But to say that I made it up, or even that I said that I that I made it up is ludicrous.”

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